Working safely with chemicals requires knowledge, preparation, and consistent practice. Whether you are new to laboratory work or an experienced researcher, these five essential chemical safety practices provide a solid foundation for protecting yourself, your colleagues, and the environment.
1. Read the SDS Before You Work With Any Chemical
The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is your primary reference for chemical hazard information. Before working with any unfamiliar chemical — or even one you have used before in a different context — review the relevant sections: hazard identification (Section 2), exposure controls and PPE (Section 8), first aid measures (Section 4), and disposal considerations (Section 13). Make sure SDS are readily accessible in your work area.
2. Select and Use Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
PPE selection must be based on the specific hazards of the chemicals you are using. Nitrile gloves appropriate for one chemical may be inadequate for another. Chemical splash goggles, face shields, lab coats, and respiratory protection must be matched to the hazard. Remember that PPE is the last line of defense — it supplements but does not replace engineering controls and good laboratory practice. Always inspect PPE before use and replace damaged or contaminated equipment.
3. Store Chemicals Properly and Segregate Incompatibles
Chemical storage is a frequent source of laboratory hazards. Chemicals must be stored according to their compatibility — acids and bases must be segregated, oxidizers kept away from flammables, and incompatible materials stored separately to prevent dangerous reactions in case of leaks or spills. Flammable solvents require approved flammable storage cabinets. All containers must be clearly labeled with the chemical name, hazard information, and date received/opened.
4. Use Engineering Controls — Especially Fume Hoods
Laboratory fume hoods are critical engineering controls that protect workers from inhalation of chemical vapors, gases, and aerosols. Always work inside a fume hood when handling volatile or toxic chemicals, and keep the sash at or below the working height. Regularly check fume hood function with a simple tissue test or schedule professional face velocity measurements. Biological safety cabinets, gloveboxes, and local exhaust ventilation serve similar protective functions for specialized applications.
5. Know Emergency Procedures and Location of Safety Equipment
Every laboratory worker must know where emergency eyewash stations, safety showers, fire extinguishers, spill kits, and first aid supplies are located — and how to use them before an emergency occurs. Know your facility’s emergency evacuation procedures and who to contact in case of a chemical spill, fire, or exposure incident. Regular emergency drills and safety training reinforce preparedness and ensure effective response when it matters most.
